Detailed information on video from youtube of functions of the female reproductive sex organs and the life-long consequences of hysterectomy, including shortened vagina, loss of physical sexual sensation, personality change, loss of creativity and vitality, bone joint and muscle pain, profound loss of energy and stamina, loss of short-term memory, blunting of emotions, reclusiveness, irritability, heart disease, and osteoporosis.
Today, wide range of contraceptive methods are available and the current approach is to provide a ‘cafeteria choice’ i.e. to offer all the different methods to an individual, from which, any method may be adopted depending on individual suitability and preference.
Though seemingly simple, a certain protocol needs to be followed when using a condom for contraception
Vasectomy is a permanent method of contraception by male sterilization. It is performed under local anaesthesia. Two small one cm incisions are made on either side of the scrotum. This gives access to the spermatic cord in which the vas is lound. 
A small segment (one cm) of the vas is cut ind the snipped ends are tied (closed) off, so that the sperm will be unable to pass through. The incisions are then closed with an absorbable suture. This operation is simpler than the sterilization of a female. Hospitalisation is not necessary and the patient can walk back home. The procedure only affects the fertility and the virility is left intact.
Vasectomy should be postponed in cases where
Vasectomy should be deferred until a specialist is consulted.
It is not uncommon for a woman to have a few hairs around the areola of the breast that does not need any treatment. However, they may be removed by electrolysis by a qualified person, if one so desires.
The best position would depend on the individual’s preference and the woman’s anatomy. However, in personal interrogation with more than 3,000 women, if given a choice as to which position they would prefer, 75% of them preferred the female superior position. This is perhaps because the clitoris is stimulated well and it also adds a feature of novelty.
Some women report that they get enough clitoral stimulation during normal sexual intercourse. Some prefer a little pressure on the clitoris with the pelvic bone. Some prefer gentle stimulation along with a little pressure. For some women intercourse is enough to reach climax, while for others additional clitoral stimulation is essential.
I have yet to come across a case where clitoral adhesions have inhibited sexual response. Besides they are extremely rare.
Distraction, disturbed interpersonal relationship, anti-hypertensive drugs, tranquilisers sedatives, hypnotics and sometimes oral contraceptives can all lead to decline in sexual desire. Any pain at the time of coitus, whether it is vaginitis, pelvic infection or different uterine position, may lead to frigidity of sudden onset.
It is a barbaric custom of female genital mutilation that varies in the extent of mutilation perpetrated. Its most disfiguring form — the Pharonic circumcision practiced in Sudan and Kenya; involves cutting off of the clitoris, labia majora and labia minora followed by close apposition of the tissue that remains leaving only a tiny hole at the bottom for the passage of urine. This severe local mutilation makes sex, a painful encounter. In its mildest form, it involves excision of the clitoris or the clitoral hood alone. It is performed due to the misconception that unless it is performed a woman will become overtly promiscuous.
Few women do report squirting of fluid at the time of orgasm, but this is rare. Female ejaculation is an entity that remains to be proven.
After normal delivery often-vaginal walls become lax and the penovaginal contact reduces. Thus some people do report less pleasure. This can be helped. While doing the episiotomy, the gynecologist should take one more stitch known as husband’s stitch to ensure adequate apposition that helps in increasing the peno-vaginal contact, thus giving more pleasure.
This may occur following childbirth. Proper management of labor with perineal support and an adequate and timely episiotomy can best prevent it.
Kegel’s exercises for contracting the perineal muscles by holding the urine and releasing it, 20 such contractions and relaxations three times a day, may help increase the muscle tone. If this does not work, one may go in for vaginal reconstructive surgery.
Often when a man is a premature ejaculator, many women may consider him a poor lover or the woman may make an attempt to reach orgasm early also. At times, this leads to a shortening of periods of intimacy. In cases of retarded ejaculation, where there is a delay in reaching orgasm, the woman starts getting a feeling that her partner does not love her or she is not attractive to him any more which may disturb the intimate relationship. Also most women consider it improper to actively participate in intercourse and prefer to remain completely passive or only minimally responsive leaving the onus on the male who is now under pressure to perform. This may create a situational anxiety that may impair his response and performance. Even if the male is able to perform properly in these circumstances, the minimal or deliberately subdued response of his partner due to traditional misconceptions will leave him with the feeling that the encounter has not been mutually satisfying. If this occurs repeatedly, it instills a sense of inadequacy and frustration in him that may affect his performance and his sex drive may decline.
Alter an adequate history taking the physician should try to determine exactly where the problem lies misconceptions, unrealistic expectations, disturbed interpersonal relationships, hostility towards a partner. The physician should counsel the couple as a unit, clarify and explain the situation to them, and clear misconceptions. He may offer specific therapy if and when the situation demands.
No, both alcohol and smoking are unsafe during pregnancy as they lead to intrauterine growth retardation.
No. Once stretch marks have occurred, they may somewhat decrease in size on their own but cannot be removed by any medicines or creams. They also occur during puberty, obesity, and Gushing’s syndrome besides pregnancy.
One should not indulge in sexual intercourse:
Yes. It may be advised largely because it facilitates delivery of the fetal head, prevents vaginal and perineal tears, prevents excessive vaginal laxity, and prolapse of the uterus, bladder and rectum.
Yes. If the sperms are deposited near the vulva, they may pass through the small hole of an intact hymen and may travel up through the full length of the vagina and uterus and meet the ovum resulting in a pregnancy.
Usually, a healthy woman can safely indulge in sexual activity during pregnancy. However, coitus should be avoided if there is pain and/or bleeding at any stage. If the woman has aborted in the first three months in the past, coitus during the first trimester should be avoided. In the second trimester coitus is contraindicated if the woman has a history of ‘habitual abortion’ because the cervical Os or the mouth of the uterus is ‘incompetent’ to hold the foetus. In the last trimester i.e. from the seventh month to labour, one may safely indulge in sexual activity till the day of delivery by altering the position so as to ensure that the direct weight does not fall on the foetus.
It must be understood that whenever, because of any reason, intercourse is forbidden during pregnancy, the woman must avoid reaching orgasm by any other means including masturbation. The contractions of the uterus following masturbation are far more intense as compared to normal sexual intercourse.
An obstetrician may be consulted regarding the indulgence in sexual activity during pregnancy, as each case needs to be evaluated individually about any possible contraindication or modification to be made.
No. Large breasts are not more sensitive to stimulation than smaller one's.
No.
Certain exercises can help develop the Pectoralis Major muscles that would add a little bulk to the chest (but not the breasts themselves) and this may help to apparently increase the breast size. Plastic surgery may also prove beneficial.
There are no exercises that can help sagging breasts because there are no muscles in the breasts except the smooth muscles in the nipple. Wearing of a proper brassiere can help minimize sagging.
Disparity in the size of the breasts may be due to various reasons - physiological and pathological. Disparity due to any pathological cause must be thoroughly investigated and treated. For physiological disparity, no treatment other than counseling and reassurance is required. For cosmetic reasons, if the difference is minor, padding the brassiere cup of the smaller breast would suffice. If the difference in size or contour is large then an enhancement! Enlargement mammoplasty of the smaller breast or a reduction mammoplasty of the larger one may be carried out after evaluating each case on individual merit.
The word ‘virgin’ means one who has not had sexual intercourse, which may be verified by an intact hymen. However, a girl whose hymen is intact may have had intercourse; whereas a girl who has never had intercourse may not have an intact hymen. The idea of chastity and virginity needs to be clarified. There are virgin individuals who are not chaste and chaste individuals who are not physiologically virgin.
No. The timing of coitus depends upon individual sex drive, situational factors and sociocultural background.
Yes, it does. Women tend to become irritable with associated symptoms such as nausea, backache and breast tenderness. There is a feeling of discomfort in the pelvic region and, at times, there may be emotional disturbances and varying degrees of depression. In some, however, it is found that the sex drive is enhanced, perhaps resulting from increased pelvic congestion, insufficient to cause discomfort but sufficient to cause intense pelvic ‘awareness’.
Yes, oral contraceptive pills do prevent premenstrual tension in about 50% and painful periods in over 90% of the women.
A transvestite is an individual who becomes sexually aroused by donning the apparel of the opposite sex, and a transsexual is one who strongly fools that he or she belongs to the opposite sex.
Transsexualism is an overriding feeling of discomfort with one’s anatomic sex and a constant desire to be rid of one’s genitals to become a member of the opposite sex. In other words, a male mind in a female’s body and vice versa. The diagnosis is made only if the disturbance has been continuous for at least two years; if there is no evidence of psychological disorder like schizophrenia; and is not associated with physical intersex or genetic abnormality. The differential diagnosis must be made among true transsexuaiism, transvestism and homosexuality. Physician should be aware that Gender transposition might occur in cases of severe personality disorganization associated with psychosis. A behavioral sex change may emerge even later in life in certain rare cases of temporal lobe epilepsy or as a consequence of senile dementia.
No. Eunuchs are not necessarily transsexuals. They are castrated males, who have had their testicles removed prior to puberty so that the secondary sexual characters do not develop. As against this, transsexuals are individuals who have an overwhelming desire to be the opposite sex.
